Surgical apparatus and instruments for surgical orthopedics, neurosurgery, and spinal surgery; holding devices for use in implantation surgery; surgical holding systems; surgical patient positioning systems; surgical instruments for creating a surgical access; devices and instruments for creating a cranial access; devices and instruments for creating an access in spinal surgery; devices and instruments for creating an access in orthopedic surgery; surgical spreaders; surgical drainage devices; accessories for operating tables, namely fixation systems, fixation arms, holding arms, adapters, retraction, distraction, and locking systems; neurosurgical retractors and related systems, in particular craniocervical retraction systems, cervical retraction systems, thoracic retraction systems, thoracolumbar retraction systems, lumbar retraction systems, vertebral body distractors; distractors [medical devices] and related sets; retractors [medical devices] and related sets for endoscopic neurosurgery and spinal surgery; rib spreaders; rib retractors; wound retractors; attachments for microdiscectomy; retractors for laparoscopy; retractors for thoracic surgery; retractors for cardiac surgery; retractors for vascular surgery; retractors for surgical gynecology; navigation devices to be arranged on the patient's head and/or spine; stereotactic frames [surgical instruments]; accessories and adapters for neurosurgical operating tables, excluding surgical textiles, in particular devices for cranial and spinal stabilization, headrests, head rings, skull clamps, skull pins, stands, clamps, forehead bands, surgical instrument trays; instrument holders; navigation adapters; microscope adapters and holders; endoscope adapters and holders; holders for monitors [accessories for medical devices]; hand supports, arm supports, and leg supports for operating tables; surgical navigation systems, consisting of navigation frames and navigation instruments; surgical apparatus and instruments for use in general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, spinal surgery, microsurgery, minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, dermatological surgery, oral surgery, otolaryngological surgery, foot surgery, obstetric surgery, gynecological surgery, plastic surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, reconstructive surgery, eye surgery, rectal and urogenital surgery; medical instruments for dental and dental surgical purposes; parts and accessories for the aforementioned goods.;